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It also reminds me of the time when I studied bird house designs. In essence we are trying to emulate a cave environment - its temperature & humidity stability. Natural caves are in massive limestone hills that insulate it from external environmental fluctuations. Constant water sip-page helps to maintain high humidity within. Air exchange through cave entrances/openings maintain oxygen supply to sustain life. Dark cavities offer safe sanctuary from predators. Swiftlets must have its echolocation capability develop and evolved over tens (hundreds?) of thousand years.
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In the case of bird house, the walls are egg shell in comparison. Climatic changes have direct impact to its micro-environment. It is common knowledge daily cycle of sun's heat has direct influence, the dominant factor in fact. If one observes the daily temperature cycle inside a bird house, it typically peaks around 4-5pm and coolest around 4-5am.
In a nutshell, it is the movements of thermal energy in/out of the bird house in daily and seasonal cycles. The thermal insulation properties of the building materials are basic to design considerations. First thing I did was to dust off my old physics book for a refresher on thermodynamics. Understanding heat and thermal energy is fundamental.
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So it is all about thermal energy in every aspect of bird house micro-environment design. I have a mental picture of an underlying thermal model when taking each design consideration; may it be orientation, humidity, air-exchange etc. They are all inter-related.
In depth understanding of this subject would certainly help to improve one's bird houses to the next level.
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